“Digital ecosystems are highly interesting collaborative forms because they offer the actors who participate advantages that cannot be acquired by taking part in existing collaborative configurations, such as supply chains or networks”. An interview with Cristina Alaimo
Platforms like Google, Amazon or Facebook seek to build up ecosystems of goods and services that close off competitors, turning themselves into monopolies. If they wish to remain competitive, they must intensify their extraction, analysis, and control of data – and they must invest in the fixed capital to do so.